A Items used in Study 1

Table A.1 lists the items used for the Visual World experiment in Study 1. Each row of the table represents a set of four images used in a trial. There were two blocks of trials with different images and trial orderings. For the two unrelated foils with more than one word listed, the two foils were used in different blocks. That is, pear had ring as its unrelated competitor in one block and vase in the other block. This happened due to a design oversight.

Table A.1: Sets of four images used for the Visual World experiment.

Target	Phonological	Semantic	Unrelated
bear	bell	horse	ring
bee	bear	fly	heart
bell	bee	drum	swing
bread	bear	cheese	vase
cheese	shirt	bread	van
dress	drum	shirt	swing
drum	dress	bell	sword
flag	fly	kite	pear
fly	flag	bee	pen
gift	kite	vase	bread
heart	horse	ring	bread/pan
horse	heart	bear	pan
kite	gift	flag	shirt
pan	pear	spoon	vase
pear	pen	cheese	ring/vase
pen	pear	sword	van
ring	swing	dress	flag
shirt	cheese	dress	fly
spoon	swan	pan	drum
swan	spoon	bee	bell
swing	spoon	kite	heart
sword	swan	pen	gift
van	pan	horse	sword
vase	van	gift	swan

For the analysis of phonological competitors, I only used trials where the target and the phonological foil shared the same syllable onset (Table A.2). For the analysis of semantic competitors, I only used trials where the target and the semantic foil belonged to the same category (Table A.3).

Table A.2: Items used for the analysis of phonological versus unrelated competitors.

Target	Phonological	Unrelated
bear	bell	ring
bee	bear	heart
bell	bee	swing
dress	drum	swing
drum	dress	sword
flag	fly	pear
fly	flag	pen
heart	horse	bread/pan
horse	heart	pan
pan	pear	vase
pear	pen	ring/vase
pen	pear	van
vase	van	swan

Table A.3: Items used for the analysis of semantic versus unrelated competitors.

Target	Semantic	Unrelated
bear	horse	ring
bee	fly	heart
bell	drum	swing
bread	cheese	vase
cheese	bread	van
dress	shirt	swing
drum	bell	sword
fly	bee	pen
horse	bear	pan
pan	spoon	vase
pear	cheese	ring/vase
shirt	dress	fly
spoon	pan	drum